Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 4 2025 04 01 675 687 Rooban Sivakumar Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Arul Senghor Kadalangudi Aravaanan Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Vinodhini Vellore Mohanakrishnan Department of Biochemistry, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Janardhanan Kumar Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technol-ogy, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India 2024 09 29 2024 12 11 Background: Adropin, a peptide hormone has role in various various physiological processes, including metabolic regulation and cardiovascular health. This systematic review aimed to synthesize findings from observational studies on the involvement of adropin in neurological disorders and cognitive performance. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CORE, and Google Scholar using terms such as "adropin," "Neurological Disorders," "cognitive function," "Alzheimer's disease," "Parkinson's disease," "cognition," and "brain function." Studies published from 2020 to 2024 were selected and reviewed. The search and selection process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Out of 127 screened articles, 5 met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results: The combined research findings suggest a consistent link between decreased adropin levels and a range of neurological disorders and cognitive impairments. In particular, reduced adropin levels were seen in individuals with dementia, cognitive impairment, bipolar disorder, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. These findings highlight adropin's potential role in modulating neurological health and cognitive function. Conclusion: This systematic review underscores the importance of adropin in neurological health and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Based on the observed connections, adropin might serve as a new focus for treating neurological disorders, prompting the need for more research and trials. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36758 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36758/8510