Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 7 2025 07 07 1411 1423 Fatemeh Estebsari Department of Operating Room and Anesthesia, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marzieh Latifi Department of Public Health, School of Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sima Ghorbanzadeh Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran Zahra Rahimi Khalifeh Kandi Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran 2024 09 09 2025 03 01 Background: We aimed to review systematically the role of Health Belief Model (HBM) in predicting the health behaviors of patients at risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate the effectiveness of HBM-based educational program on the knowledge and intention of individuals for preventive actions. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar from1980 up to June 2023 using CRC and HBM as the search words with all their similar terms. All available data were then extracted and described qualitatively. Results: Overall, 37 articles with 24286 study populations were collected for data extraction. Findings showed that perceived benefit was the most important component of HBM and community-based education can play an important role in improving the awareness and intention of individuals for preventive actions such as screening behaviors. In addition, culture is an important factor in health belief of individuals, so culture-based modified HBM may help to enhance the efficiency of HBM in predicting the knowledge and intention rate among the population. Conclusion: Preventive actions can minimize the risk of developing cancer, and consequent quality of life. HBM provides a valuable framework for understanding health behaviors by considering the perceptions of individuals about the disease. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36586 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36586/8596