Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 3 2015 03 15 407 11 Hosein Dalili Family Health Institute, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Elahe Amini Family Health Institute, Maternal- Fetal& Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Parvin Akbari Asbagh Dept. of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tahereh Esmaeilnia Shrivany Family Health Institute, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nikoo Niknafs Family Health Institute, Maternal- Fetal& Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Nayyeri Family Health Institute, Maternal- Fetal& Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mamak Shariat Family Health Institute, Maternal- Fetal& Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Saharnaz Talebian Family Health Institute, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Naser Akbari Asbagh Family Health Institute, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Vafa Ghorban Sabagh Family Health Institute, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 Background: Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder. This syndrome is characterized by tumor-like malformations in several organs, as well as the heart. This report summarizes a case of TSC in a premature infant, born at 34 weeks' gestation with ascites. After birth, multiple cardiac mass, subependymal cysts and hypopigmented macules were detected. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of early onset of TSC with chylous ascites in Iran. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3629 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3629/3304