Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 6 2025 06 02 1225 1232 Milorad Stojadinovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Radica Zivkovic Zaric 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Dejan Petrovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Aleksandra Kezic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Internal medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Milan Radovic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Internal medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Svetlana Jovicic Pavlovic Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Ivana Mrdja Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Lara Hadzi Tanovic Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia Violeta Knezevic 1. Department of Nephrology, University Clinical Center Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Dejan Pilcevic 1. Department of Nephrology, Medical Military Academy, Belgrade, Serbia. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of defense in Belgrade, Serbia Tamara Jemcov 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Department of Nephrology, General Hospital Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia Marija Karapandzic Department of Nephrology, General Hospital Zemun, Belgrade, Serbia Slobodan Jankovic 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2024 07 11 2024 12 23 Background: Increasing healthcare spending is a significant issue, with the aging population contributing to a rise in patients needing renal replacement therapy. The cost of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is substantial, particularly in upper-middle-income countries like Serbia. We aimed to identify the direct costs and influencing factors of treating peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PD associate peritonitis) in Serbia. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on consecutive patients admitted due to PD-associated peritonitis in five tertiary care hospitals across Serbia in 2019-2022. The primary outcome was total cost of hospitalization. Potential predictors were determined using generalized linear model with a gamma probability distribution and a log link function. Results: The study included 122 patients. The average total cost per patient was 1131.90±1538.67 USD, with the cost of hospitalization (348.17 ± 361.52 USD) and antibiotics (294.94±465.88 USD) being the most significant. The length of hospitalization (P<0.001) and treatment outcome (P<0.001) were found to be significant predictors of the total cost. Conclusion: The costs of treating PD associate peritonitis in Serbia are substantial, with each additional day of hospitalization significantly increasing the cost. The importance of patient and doctor education about infection prevention is underscored by the health consequences and the lengthy, expensive treatment when an infection occurs. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/36049 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/36049/8574