Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 4 2015 04 15 486 94 María Morales-Suárez-Varela Unit of Public Health, Hygiene, and Environmental care, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain AND Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. Candelaria Ruso Julve Unit of Public Health, Hygiene, and Environmental care, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain. Agustín Llopis González Unit of Public Health, Hygiene, and Environmental care, Dept. of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain AND Center for Public Health Research (CSISP-FISABIO), Valencia, Spain. 2015 10 14 Background: The infant-juvenile period is one of high vulnerability during the lifestyles chosen become determining factors for future health status. This study aimed to evaluate lifestyle, specifically eating habits and physical activity, in 5-15-year-olds in Spain and their health status (anthropometry). Methods: This cross-sectional population study with two time points (2006 and 2013) was conducted by compiling data from the Spanish National Health Survey. We used the minor survey, specifically the data from the Health Determinants module, which included 5-15-year-olds. Compiled information was obtained from parents or guardians. Results: The overall overweight and obesity prevalence in Spain (2013) in 5- to 15-year-olds is 24.3%. A drop of 8.2% in meat consumption was found, while overall intake was high. Daily intake of plant-based food (fruit, vegetables, pulses) was low, especially vegetables (32.9%). Increased sedentary lifestyle was observed, probably because the use of communication technologies has increased in recent years (P<0.001). Moreover, watching TV rose to 19.3% for 1 hour/day watching TV on weekdays and to 23.5% at weekends. Conclusion: When comparing the two time points (2006 and 2013), we observed that lifestyle, eating habits and physical activity strongly associated with the Spanish infant-juvenile population’s anthropometry. Mediterranean  diet patterns seem to be abandoned and physical activity is practiced less, which will have a negative impact on future quality of life. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3600 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3600/3275