Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 54 2 2025 02 08 309 320 Nima Nikbin Kavishahi Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mehrazin Khamespanah Duruh Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Benjamin Babaei Department of Advanced Technologies, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2024 04 09 2024 10 21 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and one of the most significant cancers affecting the Iranian population. This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between mutations in the P53 gene and CRC. Methods: We conducted a search of six databases, including; Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, SID, and Magiran up to Aug 10, 2024. Concepts in the search strategy were Iran, P53, and "Colorectal cancer". Original articles written in English or Persian that investigated the association between P53 gene mutations and CRC in the Iranian population were included. Results: Out of 313 articles, 17 articles were included in the study. Six case-control studies investigated the association between the codon 72 polymorphism of the P53 gene and colorectal cancer. Three studies found a significant difference in genotype frequencies of this polymorphism between CRC patients and healthy individuals. Exon 6 was shown to be one of the most common mutated exons in colorectal cancer. Mutations in exon 7 were associated with poor prognosis. The most common type of mutation was G to A mutation from exons 5 to 8 CpG sites. Conclusion: The present study suggests a potential association between the presence of the Arg allele at codon 72 within the P53 gene and a heightened susceptibility for developing and metastasizing CRC within the Iranian population. Furthermore, exons 5 to 8 of the P53 gene suggests that mutations localized at these sites may portend a poor prognosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/35178 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/35178/8466