Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 8 2024 08 06 1864 1870 Parisa Mashayekhi Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mir Davood Omrani Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Asma Olhosna Amini Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Amin Omrani Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahla Ganbari Milani Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2023 12 30 2024 08 06 Background: The impact of CCR5-Δ32 on COVID-19 outcomes has been the focus of much research. This genetic variant may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection, while others have produced conflicting results. Given the controversial results of previous research on different populations, we aimed to investigate the possible association between the CCR5-Δ32 variant and COVID-19 severity in an Iranian population. Methods: This case-control study was conducted between 25th of April till 10th of October 2021 at Rasoul Akram Hospital of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. We investigated the association between CCR5-Δ32 genotype and COVID-19 severity in 200 unrelated Iranian patients. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 100 patients with severe COVID-19 (case group) and 100 patients with mild COVID-19 (control group). Genotyping of CCR5-Δ32 was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Results: The frequency of CCR5-Δ32 allele was 11 in the case group and 16 in the control group. However, no significant association was found between this genetic variant and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Conclusion: The CCR5-Δ32 variant cannot serve as a reliable predictive factor for identifying individuals prone to developing severe COVID-19 in Iranian population. Additionally, targeting CCR5 would not be a viable treatment approach for COVID-19 in Iranians. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/34152 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/34152/8321