Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 2 2024 01 30 387 396 Slavica Djordjevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Igor Dimitrijevic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Katarina Boricic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Radovanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 3. Center for Harm Reduction of Biological and Chemical Hazards, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Ivana Simic Vukomanovic 1. Department of Social medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Institute for Public Health Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Olgica Mihaljevic Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Sofija Jovanovic Faculty of Medicine, University Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia Nevena Randjelovic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Center for Internal Oncology, Kragujevac, Serbia Ana Lackovic Health Center "Dr Milutin Ivković" Palilula, Belgrade, Serbia Snezana Knezevic 1. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia 2. Health Center Kraljevo, Kraljevo, Serbia Veroslava Stankovic 1. Department of the High School of Health, Academy of Applied Studies Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia 2. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nis, Kruševac, Serbia Marija Sorak Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia Verica Jovanovic Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut“, Belgrade, Serbia 2023 11 26 2024 01 30 Background: Approximately 2.3 million female breast cancer cases were identified globally in 2020, resulting in 685,000 fatalities among women. Serbia too experiences a high breast cancer burden. Effective reduction of breast cancer incidence and mortality necessitates strategic measures encompassing the implementation of cost-effective screening technology. However, various impediments to screening implementation persist. We aimed to estimate the impact of socioeconomic factors on breast cancer screening in Serbia. Methods: Data from the 2019 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia was. The research was a descriptive, cross-sectional analytical study by design, on a representative sample of the population of Serbia. Data from women aged 15+ yr were used to examine the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with breast cancer screening inequalities. Results: In Serbia the age group of women who predominantly participated in organized breast cancer screening (39.5%) were the ones aged 65+ yr. Women with a secondary education were 2.1x more likely to undergo a screening exam voluntarily (57.5%), compared to women with a higher education background (26.6%). When considering marital and financial circumstances, married/unmarried women from an affluent financial category exhibited a notably higher frequency of self-initiating a mammography (73% and 48.5%) in comparison to those financially struggling (27.6%). Conclusion:  Strong support is imperative for countries to establish prevention and early detection programs for cancer. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/33872 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/33872/8164