Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 8 2015 10 11 1045 1052 EN Yansong ZHENG Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China. Guilan ZHANG The Central Hospital of Xiaogan Health Examination, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan , Hubei, 432000, China. Zhilai CHEN Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China. Qiang ZENG Health Science Center, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, FuXing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China AND International Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. 2015 10 11 2015 10 11 Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of seven common inflammatory diseases with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Chinese Mainland population. Methods: Participants were recruited from a great swathe of mainland from 2009 to 2013 for the cohort study. The demographic characteristics between patients with T2D or with inflammatory diseases, including age, sex, smoking status, hypertension etc. were analyzed using the χ2 test. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to de-termine the independent effects of diabetes on the risks of any types of inflammatory diseases in the model and age, sex, hypertension and gout adjusted were used after that. Results: A total of 39367 participants were enrolled in the study and 1634 (4.2%) subjects with missing information on T2D and the inflammatory diseases were excluded. Compared to those without diabetes, after adjusting for age, sex, hypertension and gout, the incidences of asthma, chronic hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic gastroenteritis, chronic gastritis or ulcer in diabetic patients were independently higher, with odd ratios of 0.235 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.117-0.473), 0.845 (95% CI, 0.731-0.976), 0.585 (95% CI, 0.540-0.634), 0.875 (95% CI, 0.806-0.951), 0.843 (95% CI, 0.787-0.903) respectively. Only inflammatory hemorrhoid did not show any clinical significance. Conclusion: There was a decreased incidence of inflammatory diseases in the diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic subjects. Except for inflammatory hemorrhoid, asthma, chronic hepatitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic gastro-enteritis, chronic gastritis and ulcer were associated with T2D of Chinese individuals, independently of hypertension and gout, and T2D might reduce the risk of these diseases. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3354 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3354/3073