Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 44 6 2015 10 11 865 868 EN Khadijeh KHANALIHA Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School Of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi MOHEBALI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School Of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Setareh DAVOUDI Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. OmidREZA HOSSEINI Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh TARIGHI Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School Of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tahereh REZAEIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School Of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mostafa REZAEIAN Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School Of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 10 2015 10 10 Coccidian protozoa of Cyclospora cayetanensis are obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasites that infect the mucosal epithelium of the small intestine of immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. A 25- years old woman from around, Tehran with complaint of faintness and fatigue with HIV positive/AIDS confirmed eight months ago was admitted in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2014. The patient suffered from intestinal and lung symp-toms like watery diarrhea, flu-like symptoms. The stool was examined by direct preparation and concentration tech-nique, stained with modified acid-fast staining method, and observed with light and then Immunofluorescence micro-scope. The stool cultivation was made in dichromate potassium medium and diagnosis of Cyclospora infection was fi-nally made according to observation of Cyclospora oocysts almost 10 μm in acid-fast staining method and autofluores-cence of Cyclospora under Immunofluorescence microscope. The patient was initially treated with azithromycin, tazocin and fluconazol because of lung lesions and diarrhea and relative remission was observed. Cyclospora sp. causes an intes-tinal infection particularly in immunocompromised patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3308 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3308/3036