Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 39 1 2010 03 15 36 41 M Taran M Mohebali J Esmaeli 2015 10 03 Background: Recent circumstantial evidences are suggesting that an increasing number of Iranian patients with cu­taneous leishmaniasis are unresponsive to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®). Pistacia atlantica is native plant in Iran (central, western, and eastern regions). Gum obtained Pistacia atlantica has been reported to possess consid­erable in vitro antimicrobial activity. In this study, we aimed to investigate antileishmanial activity of P. atlantica. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were inoculated subcutaneously 2×106 L. major Promastigotes (MHROM/IR/75/ER) at the base of tail in 2007. Mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. in group 1 Glucantime® was administered to the  BALB/c mice in regimen of 60 mg per kg of body weight for 28 days by intraperitoneal injections per day, in group 2 the gum of P. atlantica var. Kurdica were tested by rubbing of local lesions for 28 days, group 3 infected but non-treated. Comparisons of treated groups and untreated group were done by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).  Results: Topically rubbing administration of gum obtained P. atlantica var. kurdica daily for 28 days like Glucan­time® decreased skin lesion size in the BALB/c mice infected with L.major compared with that in the control (P< 0.01). Treatment BALB/c mice with gum obtained P. atlantica var. kurdica and Glucantime® causes decrease num­ber of parasitologicaly positive mice (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Our results show that gum obtained P. atlantica var. kurdica can be used for controlling cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L.major and inhibiting development of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/3132 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/3132/2931