Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 12 2023 11 28 2541 2553 Bahareh Shateri Amiri Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran, Iran Neda Sabernia Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behdokht Abouali Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Parya Amini Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran Hadi Rezaeeyan Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran 2023 02 01 2023 05 08 Various factors are effective in the development of minimal residual disease (MRD), one of which is MicroRNAsmiRNAs miRNAs and their dysfunction in gene expression have influential role in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Nowadays, treatments that lead to the suppression or replacement of miRNAs have been developed. Focusing on the role of miRNAs in managing the treatment of leukemia, in this review article we have investigated the miRNAs and signaling pathways involved in the process of apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as miRNAs with oncogenic function in malignant leukemia cells. Among the studied miRNAs, miR-99a, and miR-181a play an essential role in apoptosis, proliferation and oncogenesis via AKT, MAPK, RAS, and mTOR signaling pathways. miR-223 and miR-125a affect apoptosis and oncogenesis via Wnt/B-catenin, PTEN/PI3K, and STAT5/AKT/ERK/Src signaling pathways. miR-100 also affects both apoptosis and oncogenesis; it acts via IGF1 and mTOR signaling pathways. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/31111 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/31111/8107