Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 3 2024 02 28 508 523 EN Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uni-versity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Abolghasem Shokri Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uni-versity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Saied Bokaie Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uni-versity of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 23 2023 07 15 Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant uropathogenic E. coli among Iranian children with confirmed bacterial UTIs from 2012 to 2022. Methods: A systematic review was performed by searching PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, MagIran, Iranian Scientific Information Database, IranMedex, and Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology. The antibiotic-specific pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by applying a random-effects model. Freeman-Tukey Double Arcsine transformation was applied. I-squared statistic, and Cochran’s Q test were computed and meta-regression was conducted on latitude of sampling location. Results: The literature search retrieved 2159 articles, among which 19 articles were included. The highest antibiotic resistance was related to doxycycline, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, cefazolin, cefuroxime, and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, 59%, 57%, 54%, 53%, and 52%, respectively. Meta-regression on the latitude was statistically significant for nitrofurantoin (P=0.05). Conclusion: Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were observed in the majority of confirmed bacterial UTIs among Iranian children. The most effective antibiotics for uropathogens were colistin, meropenem, and imipenem. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/30717 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/30717/8179