Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 9 2023 08 26 1818 1831 Mohsen Saheban maleki Department of Anesthesia, Clinical Research Developmental Unit Bohlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Seyed Amirhossein Mazaheri Student Research Committee, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan Seyed Hossein Hosseini Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Hesamodin Askari Majdabadi Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Mohsen Poursadeghiyan Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Aboalfazl Faghihi Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Zeinab Naderi Department of Nursing, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri Department of Nursing, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Behzad Khedri Department of Social Work, Social Studies Faculty, Hanze University of Applied Science, Groningen, Netherlands Nasir Amanat Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran Farahnaz Khajehnasiri Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reyhaneh Ivanbagha Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2022 07 17 2023 02 19 Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of leading cause of death and disability in Iran that has serious consequences on people’s health. Understanding of epidemiology of TBI can be helpful for policy making in health care management. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the epidemiology of TBI in Iran. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and internal databases including, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex were searched to identify the relevant published studies up to Feb 2022. Moreover, the references list of key studies was scanned to find more records. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. The Excel and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software were to analyze the data. Results: Overall, 23,446 patients from 15 studies were included in the study. The overall mean age of the patients was 31.36 ± 0.13 yr (95%CI: 31.10 to 31.61). The majority of the patients were male (74.37%), with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The incidence rate of TBI was 15.3 to 144 per 100,000 population. The mortality rate of TBI was estimated to be 10.4% (95%CI: 5% to 19%). The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (RTAs) (60%; 95%CI: 49% to 70%), and falling (20%; 95%CI: 16% to 26%), respectively. The most frequent type of head injury was subdural hematoma. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that appropriate control and prevention strategies should be focused on male, road traffic accidents, and the group under 40 yr. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/29331 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/29331/8027