Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 53 3 2024 02 28 737 741 So-Jung Park Department of Family Medicine, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea In Cheol Hwang Department of Family Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea Hong Yup Ahn Department of Statistics, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea 2022 06 02 2023 03 29 Background: There were contradictory reports about the relationship between neck circumference (NC) and thyroid status. This study aimed to compare the NCs of Korean adults with or without thyroid disease. Methods: The data of 8,198 subjects (aged 40–80 yr) that participated in the 2019-2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were subjected to analysis. NCs were measured by trained staff to an accuracy of ±0.1 cm with a tape measure. Multiple logistic models were used to assess the prevalence of thyroid disease by NC level among men and pre- and postmenopausal women. Results: Approximately 5% of subjects had a history of thyroid disease. In contrast to men and postmenopausal women, premenopausal women with a larger NC had a significantly higher prevalence of thyroid disease (P-value=0.025). Conclusion: A large NC is significantly associated with thyroid disease among premenopausal Korean women. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28920 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28920/8200