Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 11 2023 10 29 2467 2473 EN Ilad Alavi Darazam 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolreza Babamahmoodi 1. Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Antimicrobial-Resistant Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ghaemshahr, Mazandaran, Iran Mohammad Javad Ebrahimi 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maral Moafi Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nader Akbari Dilmaghani 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Mardani 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shervin Shokouhi 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farid Javandoust Gharehbagh Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elmira Mahmoudi Chalmiani 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Minoosh Shabani 1. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Department, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farahnaz Bidari Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elena Jamali Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahrokh Khoshsirat 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansoor Shahriari Ophthalmic Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahram Sabeti Department of Pathology, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Rahmani 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Ali Mousavinejad Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kaveh Ebrahimzadeh Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hallajnejad Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 07 2022 09 28 Background: Mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection that afflicts patients with severe underlying immunosuppression, uncontrolled hyperglycemia and/or ketoacidosis, iron overload, and occasionally healthy patients who are inoculated with fungal spores through traumatic injuries. The epidemiology of mucormycosis has changed after the COVID-19 pandemic, with mucormycosis becoming the most common and the fatal coinfection Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, 82 hospitalized patients with a definite diagnosis of mucormycosis were reported from 2007 to 2021 in a referral, tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran Results: The number of post-COVID cases increased 4.6 times per year, with 41.5% of patients admitted during the two years of the pandemic. Mucormycosis was more common in women (57.3%), and the most common underlying diseases were diabetes (43.7%), both COVID-19 and diabetes (23.2%), cancer (11%), rheumatic diseases (7.3%), COVID-19 without other underlying diseases (6.1%), and transplantation (4.9%). Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis (54.9%) followed by Sino-orbital infection (23.2%) was the most common presentation. There was a significant relationship between the use of immunosuppressive agents and the development of Mucormycosis (P<0.005) The average mortality was 41.5%, but this ratio decreased to 35% during the pandemic era. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a 4.6-fold increase in the number of mucormycosis patients, and there was a significant relationship between hyperglycemia, corticosteroid use, and mucormycosis. The death rate during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased by 6.5%, and during the COVID period, the interval between the arrival of a patient with mucormycosis and the start of the correct treatment was significantly decreased. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/28656 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/28656/8098