Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2674 2687 Erfan Ayubi 1. Autism Spectrum Disorders Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran Kamyar Mansori 1. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran 2021 08 27 2022 12 17 Background: We aimed to determine the association between maternal infections during pregnancy with risk of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed utilizing the online databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences up to July 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were applied to estimate pooled relative risk (RR). Heterogeneity, study quality and publication bias were assessed through I2 value, Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) and Egger's test, respectively. Results: Thirteen articles involving 1401904 mother-child pairs were included. The result of meta-analysis showed that the risk of ADHD increased by 30% among children whose mothers took any infections during pregnancy (pooled RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.49; I2=85.5, P<0.001). Overall, the included studies were good in quality and no publication bias was found (P=0.23, Egger’s test). Conclusion: Maternal infections during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of ADHD in children.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/26086 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/26086/7798