Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 11 2022 11 09 2484 2493 Binh Thanh Nguyen Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh, Vietnam Tap Van Nguyen Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh, Vietnam Thuong Anh Do Le Department of Medicine and Health, Ba Ria - Vung Tau University, Vung Tau, Vietnam Ngoc Le Thi Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 2021 04 22 2021 10 18 Background: The majority of the Khmer ethnic people living in the Mekong Delta had a difficult socio-economic life and limited access to information and health services. The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and risk factors in men and women of the Khmer ethnic people, in Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1.800 Khmer people aged 25 – 64 yr living in Tra Vinh Province in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high in men (47.3%) and in women (51.4%). Men had a higher prevalence of high TG (28.9% vs. 23.9%), whereas the prevalence of high TC (34.1% vs. 42.4%), and high LDL-C (28.2% vs. 37.9%) were lower in women, (all P<0.05). In men, dyslipidemia was significantly associated with central obesity (OR=2.58, 95% CI=1.32-5.06), overweight/ obesity (OR=2.50, 95% CI=1.75-3.56), and diabetes (OR=2.15, 95% CI=1.22-3.78). In women, dyslipidemia was significantly associated with diabetes (OR=2.14, 95% CI=1.08-4.24), central obesity (OR=1.69, 95% CI=1.18-2.42), overweight/ obesity (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.06-2.10), and hypertension (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.03-1.99). Age was significantly associated with increased risk of dyslipidemia in both genders. Conclusion: Overall, the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Khmer men and women adults aged 25 - 64 years in Vietnam was high. Our findings indicated an urgent need to have dyslipidemia prevention intervention programs for the Khmer ethnic people in the Mekong Delta, especially training about obesity and increasing healthy lifestyles.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/24683 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/24683/7773