Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 12 2022 12 17 2688 2696 Mohammad Reza Haghshenas Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mahmood Moosazadeh Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Center, Non‐Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Saeid Taghiloo Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Sogol Sattari Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Reza Valadan 1. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Tahoora Mousavi 1. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2. Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center (MCBRC), Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 01 10 2021 08 02 Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a serious problem worldwide. The role of HPV in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma has been studied in several researches. This present review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer. Methods: Relevant studies were found using online international databases including Science direct, Web of science (ISI), PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar, to determine relevant studies published between 2000 and Jan 2020. Suitable studies were selected and assessed by two independent researchers. The quality of all papers were determined by a checklist. Heterogeneity assay among the primary studies was evaluated by Cochran's Q test and I2 index. The statistical analyses were done using Stata SE, V.11 software. Trim and Fill method was applied to confirm the validity of the results. Results: This meta-analysis consists of 8 primary studies on the incidence of HPV infection in Iranian patients with oral diseases. The odds ratio between HPV infection and risk of oral cancer was 4.00 (95%CI: 2.31, 6.93). Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed associations between prevalence of HPV infection and oral cancer among Iranian patients. The chance of developing oral cancer among HPV positive patients was higher than that in HPV negative patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/23439 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/23439/7799