Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 11 2021 10 16 2326 2331 Hui Lv Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China JIn Liu Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China Ruoyu Zhang Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China 2020 10 20 2021 02 06 Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (CAEBV) progresses rapidly in the later stage and has a poor prognosis. The treatments of CAEBV have no unified standard and a bad effect. Only few person could cure. It is important to diagnosis early. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers an effective means for the diagnosis of difficult, critical and rare pathogenic microbial infections. Here, we report a case of viral pleurisy caused by CAEBV identified by mNGS in an 88-year-old Chinese male patient. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22580 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22580/7419