Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 3 2021 02 27 510 519 Min YAN Department of Pediatrics, Jinan City People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 271199, China Jing WANG Department of Physical Examination, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Suyun WANG Ward of Emergency, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Yang ZHANG Department of Respiratory Medicine, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China 5. EEG Room, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Ling LIU EEG Room, the People’s Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan 250200, China Hua ZHAO Department of Ophthalmology, People’s Hospital of Weifang, Weifang 261041, China 2020 08 31 2020 11 26 Background: To investigate the expression levels of microRNA-146b (miR-146b) and cardiac troponin I (anti-cTnI) in serum of children with viral myocarditis and their clinical significance. Methods: Forty-eight children with viral myocarditis (patient group) and 40 healthy physical examinees (healthy group), who were diagnosed in Jinan City People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, China from Feb 2018 to May 2019, were enrolled as study subjects. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the level of miR-146b in serum of children. ELISA was used to detect the expression of anti-cTnI in serum of children. Pearson was used to analyze the correlation between the level of miR-146b and the level of anti-cTnI, and the factors affecting the prognosis. Results: The levels of miR-146b and anti-cTnI in serum of children in patient group were statistically significantly higher than those of healthy group (P<0.01). The AUC of miR-146b was 0.741, (95% CI: 0.638-0.843), the specificity was 62.50%, the sensitivity was 82.50%, and the AUC of anti-cTnI was 0.720 (95% CI: 0.608-0.832), the specificity was 64.58% and the sensitivity was 92.50%. The level of miR-146b was positively correlated with the level of anti-cTnI (r=0.601, P<0.05). CK-MB, LVEF, miR-146b and anti-cTnI expression were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis. Conclusion: The levels of miR-146b and anti-cTnI increased in serum of patients with viral myocarditis. They were related to the degree of myocardial injury, which indicated that miR-146b and anti-cTnI might be involved in the pathological process of viral myocarditis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/22036 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/22036/7160