Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 36 3 2007 09 15 27 32 N Kalantari M Taherikalani N Parvaneh S Mamishi 2015 10 03 Background: To assess the distribution and resistance of the pathogens responsible for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis over a 10 years period in children admitted to Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Methods: Microbiologic and clinical presentation reports from 145 cases of septic arthritis and osteomyelitis from March 1995 to February 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of 145 cases, 71(49%) had positive culture: 71.8%(51/71) of organisms were isolated from synovial fluid alone, 8.4%(6/71) from blood culture alone and 19.7% (14/71) from both synovial fluids and blood cultures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen isolated, making up 60.5% of all positive cultures, followed by Klebsiella spp. (14%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (8.4%). Thirty eight percent of S. aureus and 84% of coagulase-negative staphylo­cocci isolates were resistant to cloxacillin. All isolates of S. aureus were susceptible to clindamycin and also, 89% were susceptible to vancomycin. Among Klebsiella spp., amikacin was shown to be very effective, with susceptibility rates of 100%. Haemophilus influenzae was identified in only 2% of all patients. Conclusion: The present study highlights the importance of characterizing the etiology and antibiotic susceptibility of organ­isms causing septic arthritis or osteomylitis in children. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2102 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2102/2083