Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 3 2022 03 11 596 605 EN Yeon-Ha Kim College of Nursing, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, South Korea Jung Min Cho College of Nursing, Sungshin Women’s University, Dobong-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea 2020 05 13 2021 01 11 Background: We explored the potential mediating role of frailty in the relationship between depression and falls. Methods: The participants were 1,408 community-dwelling older people living alone in South Korea. The potential mediating role of frailty in the relationship between depression and falls was evaluated through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Baron and Kenny’s three-step criteria for mediation were used to examine the mediating effect. Results: Frailty fully mediated the association between severe depression and falls in univariate (t=11.58, P<.05) and multivariate (t=10.42, P<.05) analyses. Conclusion: Frailty is a valuable target for fall interventions in severely depressed older people living alone. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/20789 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/20789/7536