Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 3 2008 09 15 91 97 F Nili Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran- Iran SM Saleh Tabib Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran- Iran E Amini Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran- Iran F Nayeri Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran- Iran M Aligholi Dept. of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Vali-E-Asr Hospital, Tehran- Iran 2015 10 03 Background: To determine prospectively the prevalence of anaerobic and aerobic infection in early onset (during 72 hours of age) neonatal sepsis, in Tehran Vali-e-Asr Hospital. Methods: Among all the live birth, neonates suspecting of having septicemia were investigated for isolation of micro­organisms. Culture bottle containing enriched tryptic soy broth was used for standard blood culture system to detect aerobes and an ANAEROBIC/F bottle was inoculated using BACTEC 9120 continuous monitoring blood culture system to deter­mine the growth of anaerobic bacteria. Among 1724 live births, 402 consecutive neonates suspecting of having septicemia were investigated for isolation of micro organism. Results: A total of 27 episodes of early onset neonatal sepsis occurred with an incidence of 15.66 (11.6 aerobe + 4.0 anaer­obe) per 1000 live births. Aerobic bacteria were the major etiological agents, accounting for 20 cases. 7 (26%) cases had posi­tive blood cultures with anaerobic bacteria. Propionibacterium and Peptostreptococccus (amongst anaerobic) and coagu­lase-negative staphylococci and staphylococcus aureus (amongst aerobic) were the most commonly isolated organisms. Compari­son of clinical findings and demographic characteristics between aerobic and anaerobic infection did not have a signifi­cant statistical difference. Conclusion: Our impression is that while anaerobic bacteremia in the newborn infants can occasionally cause severe morbid­ity and mortality, majority of cases experience a self limited illness with transient bacteremia. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2039 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2039/2020