Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 37 4 2008 12 15 46 51 P Kordbacheh Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc P Badiee Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran A Alborzi Prof. Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran F Zaini Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc H Mirhendi Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sc M Mahmoudi Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Scie B Gramizadeh Solid Organ Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran M Ramzi Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Acute fulminant fungal sinusitis is a rapidly progressive disease with high mortality (50-80%) and occurring with increasing frequency in patients with acute leukemia. The purpose of the present study was early diagnosis of this le­thal infection. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 142 patients with hematological malignancies were studied immediately by initiation of chemotherapy to determine early clinical and radiological findings of invasive fungal sinusitis. This infection was con­firmed by pathological and mycological methods. Results: Acute fulminant fungal sinusitis was diagnosed in 8 patients with acute leukemia. The most common isolated fungi was Aspergillus flavus (n= 5) followed by Aspergillus fumigatus (n= 2) and Rhizopus sp. (n= 1). Despite prompt surgical and medical therapy, the disease in our patients was very aggressive with a rapid clinical course and high mortality. Conclusion:  The present report shows the poor prognosis of invasive fungal sinusitis in neutropenic patients; the necessity to take intensive preventive measures and the application of new diagnostic methods for early detection of fungal infection in these high risk patients. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/2013 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/2013/1994