Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 51 8 2022 08 11 1875 1885 EN Soheila Molaie Zoonoses Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran AND Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Hamed Zandian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Akbar Molaie Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Telma Zahirian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Mehdi Mohebali 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci-ences, Tehran, Iran 2. Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zabih Zarei Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Nakhostin Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Dariush Emdadi Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Behnaz Akhoundi 1. Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sci-ences, Tehran, Iran 2. Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyyedeh-Negar Modares-Sadrani Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Hamed Abdollahzadeh Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Zahra Rakhshidan Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Ezat Ezati Deputy of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran Zahra Heidari Department of Medical Parasitology and Microbiology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran 2019 12 21 2020 11 26 Background: We aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ardabil Province, from 1986 to 2018. Methods: The disease has been diagnosed by a serological validate test as Direct Agglutination Test, parasitological methods, and clinical manifestations. The data were collected and then analyzed. Results: Overall, 2824 out of 69007cases (4.1%) had anti-Leishmania antibodies at titers≥1:3200. The majority of VL cases belonged to Meshkin-Shahr, and then Germi County. The percentages of both male and female cases were 52.8 % and 46.6%, respectively. Approximately 78.1% of cases were less than 5 yr old. The high incidence rate of the disease was recorded in the years 1987 and 2003. 48.6%, 3.2%, and 1.9% of the patients had low titer (1:3200), high titer (1:102400), and suspicious titer (1:1600), respectively. Out of 1200 bone marrow aspiration, 23% were positive, and 77% were negative. Fever, paleness, and hepatosplenomegaly were the main symptoms in patients. Moreover, abdominal swelling, edema, weight loss, lymphadenopathy and jaundice were some other symptoms in the patients. Among biochemistry factors, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglyceride and cholesterol have been increased. The death rate was estimated to be 2.8%, mainly related to the Ardabil and Germi cases. Conclusion: Kala-Azar is still one of the most important infectious diseases in Ardabil Province, and is responsible for considerable death rate in infants. More attention should be done to parasite control and early diagnosis. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19238 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19238/7694