Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 52 8 2023 08 06 1578 1588 EN Yan Yang School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Jianwei Shi School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Jiaoling Huang School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Mingwang Cheng School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China Shasha Geng General Practice Medicine, Dongfang Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China Wenya Yu School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Ning Chen School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China Chen Chen Shanghai Jing’an District Jiangning Road Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai, China Zhaoxin Wang 1. Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2. School of Management, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China 2019 12 02 2020 08 20 Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC. Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed. The fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3. Results: PC was significantly associated with smoking (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.61–1.92, P < 0.00001, I2 = 6%), diabetes (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.52-2.88, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), family history of PC (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.13-3.11, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%), and chronic pancreatitis (OR: 5.84, 95% CI: 3.63-9.41, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%). Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and chronic pancreatitis were independent risk factors for PC. These independent risk factors have an important role in identifying high-risk groups, which is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PC and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/19057 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/19057/8002