Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 7 2021 07 01 1436 1444 Naser Mohtavinejad Department of Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Baqiyatallah, Tehran, Iran Alireza Nakhaee Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran Honey Harati Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, University of Zahedan, Zahedan, Iran Nazila Gholipour Department of Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Baqiyatallah, Tehran, Iran Yavar Mahmoodzade Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ardabil, Ardabil, Iran 2019 09 08 2020 05 12 Background: Chemokines are proinflammatory cytokines that play key roles in development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Chemokine-induced recruitment of peripheral leucocytes to tissues is a crucial step in the CVD progression. CC chemokines ligand 5, 2 (CCL5 and CCL2), have been characterized as emerging inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerotic CVD. The aim of this study was to find out whether genetic polymorphisms of CCL5 -403 G>A (rs2107538) and CCL2 –927 G>C, (rs3760396) were associated with the risk of CVD. Methods: In this case-control study, 500 Iranian individuals including 250 CVD patients and 250 healthy subjects as the control group participated in 2017. Genotyping of CCL5 -403 G>A and CCL2 –927 G>C polymorphisms were executed using Tetra-ARMS PCR method. Results: At genotypic level both CCL5 -403 G>A and CCL2 –927 G>C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of CVD (P>0.05), even after adjustment by age, sex, race, and history of hypertension, DM and smoking. However, the CCL2 –927 C allele was associated with an increased risk of CVD (OR=1.42, P=0.050) with a higher prevalence in CVD patient than in controls (17% vs. 12%). Moreover, the haplotype analysis revealed that CCL5/CCL2 haplotype (G/C) was a risk factor for CVD (OR=2.13, P=0.001), and that carriers of this haplotype were at 2.13-fold higher risk of CVD than subjects with G/G haplotype. Conclusion: CCL2 –927 C variant and CCL5/CCL2 haplotype (G/C) were associated with susceptibility to CVD, and were risk factors for CVD in our population but more studies with large sample size are recommended. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/18321 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/18321/7289