Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 7 2019 07 01 1257 1264 Nurbek IGISSINOV Department of Surgical Diseases Internship, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Science and Analytic, International High School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Eurasian Institute for Cancer Research, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Assem TOGUZBAYEVA Department of Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Botagoz TURDALIYEVA Department of Science and Innovation, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan Gulnur IGISSINOVA Department of Oncology, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan Zarina BILYALOVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Gulnur AKPOLATOVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, KazakhstanAND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Murat VANSVANOV Department of Public Health with Nursing Course, Kazakh Medical University of Continuing Education, Almaty, Kazakhstan Dinar TARZHANOVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Marina ZHANALIYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Human Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Aigul ALMABAYEVA Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Department of Human Anatomy with Operative Surgery, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan Alikhan TAUTAYEV Department of Surgical Diseases Internship, Astana Medical University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan AND Central Asian Cancer Institute, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan 2019 06 27 Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease among the female population of Kazakhstan like in many developed countries of the world (Canada, UK, US, Western Europe), and it accounts for every 5th tumor. We aimed to assess the epidemiological aspects of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Almaty and Astana (Now Nur-Sultan), Kazakhstan residents in 2009-2018. Methods: A retrospective study using modern descriptive and analytical methods of epidemiology was conducted to evaluate the breast cancer incidence and mortality in megapolises of Kazakhstan. Results: The average annual age-standardized incidence rate of breast cancer amounted to 61.90/0000 (95% CI=56.2-67.6) in Almaty and 61.20/0000 (95% CI=56.765.7) in Astana. The average age-standardized mortality was 19.20/0000 (95% CI=17.3-21.1) in Almaty and 19.30/0000 (95% CI=17.1-21.4) in Astana. The standardized incidence in the megapolises tended to increase (Тgr=+0.8% in Almaty and Тgr=+1.4% in Astana), while the mortality was decreasing (Тdec=−4.2% in Almaty and Тdec=−1.1% in Astana). According to the component analysis, the growth in the number of breast cancer cases was due to a population increase (ΔP=+130.4% in Almaty and ΔP=+93.2% in Astana), with a notable decrease of factors related to the risk of getting sick (ΔR=−27.9% in Almaty, ΔR=−6.1% in Astana). Conclusion: This is the first epidemiological study to assess the changes in incidence and mortality from breast cancer in megapolises of Kazakhstan because of screening. The results of this study can be used to improve the government program to combat breast cancer.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/17584 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/17584/6441