Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 48 1 2019 01 16 20 31 Farshid NOORBAKHSH Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kamal ABDOLMOHAMMADI Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran AND Department of Stem Cell Biology, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran Yousef FATAHI Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein DALILI Department of Pediatrics, Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrnaz RASOOLINEJAD Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farshid REZAEI Center for Control of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Mostafa SALEHI-VAZIRI Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Nazanin Zahra SHAFIEI-JANDAGHI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan Shamsi GOOSHKI Department of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Morteza ZAIM Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein NICKNAM Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Immunology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 01 16 Background: Zika virus infection has recently attracted the attention of medical community. While clinical manifestations of the infection in adult cases are not severe and disease is not associated with high mortality rates, Zika virus infection can have an impact on fetal development and lead to severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Methods: To gain insight into different aspects of Zika virus infection, a comprehensive literature review was performed. With regard to epidemiology and geographical distribution of Zika virus infection, relevant information was extracted from CDC and WHO websites. Results: In this review, we discuss different basic and clinical aspects of Zika virus infection including virology, epidemiology and pathogenesis of disease. Laboratory methods required for the diagnosis of disease together with ethical issues associated with Zika virus infection will also be discussed in detail. Conclusion: Herein, we have tried to provide a multi-faceted view of Zika virus infection, with greater emphasis on disease status in Eastern Mediterranean Region. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15935 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15935/6250