Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 12 2018 12 01 1796 1804 Morvarid IRANI Student Research Committee, Dept. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Maryam HASSANZADEH BASHTIAN Student Research Committee, Dept. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Talat KHADIVZADEH Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Dept. of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hosein EBRAHIMIPOUR Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Dept. of Health Economic and Management Sciences, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Seyyed Mohsen ASGHARI NEKAH Dept. of Educational and Counseling Psychology, School of Educational and Sciences Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: The inadequate reporting of cross-sectional studies, as in the case of the prevalence of Congenital Anomaly, could cause challenges in the synthesis of new evidence and make possible mistakes in the creation of public policies. This study was conducted to critically appraise the quality of the articles involving congenital anomaly prevalence in Iranian infants with the STROBE recommendations. Methods: We performed a thorough literature search using the words "congenital anomaly" "birth defect" and "Iran" in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SID, Elmnet, Magiran, IranDoc, Iranmedex, and Google Scholar until Aug 2017. In this critical appraisal we focused on cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of congenital anomaly in Iranian infants. Data were analyzed using the STROBE score per item and recommendation. Results: The results of 17 selected articles on Congenital Anomaly prevalence showed that the overall accordance of the cross-sectional study reports with STROBE recommendations was about 63%. All articles met the recommendations associated with the report of the study’s rationale, objectives, setting, key results and provision of summary measures. Methods and results were the weakest part of the articles, in which recommendations associated with the participant flowchart and missing data analysis were not reported. The recommendations with the lowest scores were those related to the sensitivity analysis (6%, n=1/17), bias (6%, n=1/17), and funding (41%, n=7/17). Conclusion: Cross-sectional studies about the prevalence of congenital anomaly in Iranian infants have an insufficient reporting on the methods and results parts. We recognized a clear need to increase the quality of such studies.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/15504 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/15504/6219