Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1353 1362 Mohammad ASGHARI JAFARABADI Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran AND Dept. of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Haidar NADRIAN Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Hamid ALLAHVERDIPOUR Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Dept. of Health Education and Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Background: To investigate the determinants of smoking behavior among Iranian adolescents applying the Prototype/Willingness (P/W) Model. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a self-administered P/W model-based questionnaire was completed between 760 randomly selected adolescents (high school students and dropouts) in Hamadan, Iran, in 2015. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was applied to analyze data. Results: Significant associations were found between subjective norms and positive attitudes toward smoking (P<0.001). The behavioral intention was also significantly related to the willingness and subjective norms (P<0.001). Prototype or risk image was not significantly related to the willingness among the dropout adolescents. Conclusion: When social reaction and reasoned processes are modeled together, both may predict the smoking behavior. The high-risk perception and the high-risk image toward smoking behavior among the adolescents may originate from socio-cultural factors underlying the behavior. Further research is recommended to investigate the socio-cultural biases of the issue.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14591 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14591/6117