Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 9 2018 08 29 1271 1279 Zeng ZHUANPING School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China Liao RIFANG Dept. of Pharmacy, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China Chen QING Dept. of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Chen SIDONG School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China 2018 08 29 2018 08 29 Background: To examine whether polymorphisms of SIRT1 and dietary product intake can be implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In this community-based, case-control study, 568 subjects (284 patients and 284 controls) were enrolled in a community located in northern Guangzhou, China. The four polymorphisms of SIRT1 (rs4746720, rs10509291, rs2236319, rs10823116) were examined using TaqMan nuclease technology. The dietary data were collected by an inquiring officer through face-to-face method. Results: The rs4746720 CC+TT genotype had higher risk compared with CT genotype to develop T2DM [odds ratio (OR) =1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.97]. The subjects with rs4746720 CC+TT genotype and eat sugar food over 30g per day increased the risk of T2DM to 2.22(1.21-4.06) times. The subjects with rs4746720 CC+TT genotype and smoking increased the risk of T2DM to 1.65 (1.10-2.47) times. The unhealthy eating habits such as red meat, salty food, use animal fat yielded higher risks of T2DM, the OR of risk of T2DM was 2.89 (1.38-6.01), 2.73 (1.61-4.64) and 27.91(9.24-84.32) respectively. However, the milk, soy, white meat, vegetables and low-salt diet decreased the risk of T2DM, the OR of risk of T2DM was 0.51 (0.29-0.88), 0.43 (0.26-0.74), 0.51(0.32-0.83), 0.21(0.10-0.44), 0.28(0.12-0.65), 0.35(0.21-0.51) respectively. Conclusion: Variants in SIRT1 with rs4746720 CC+TT genotype increased the risk of T2DM, especially with the unhealthy eating habits.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14579 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14579/6108