Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 49 11 2020 10 27 2136 2143 EN Fatemeh HATATIAN Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Farzad BABAKHANI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hoda GUDARZI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Navid MOMENIFAR Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center, Academic Center of Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran Mehdi NOROUZI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mina SHAFIEIFAR Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ehsan KAKAVANDI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadreza SADEGHI Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hedyeh SHARBATDAR-ALAEI Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran Mohammad FARAHMAND Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maedeh AMIRI-ROUDY Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid Reza JAHANTIGH Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mobina MADIHI Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Kiandokht BORHANI Department of Virology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Mehdi AJORLOO Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran AND Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Mojtaba HEDAYAT YAGHOOBI Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran 2018 08 01 2019 01 09 Background: Hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant (KT) recipients are exposed to be infected by blood-borne viruses (BBVs). Current study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of BBVs in HD and KT patients in the whole Iranian population. Methods: From Jan 2016 to Dec 2017, 174 hemodialysis and 139 kidney transplant recipients enrolled in this survey. After blood sampling, serum samples were detected for HBV, HCV, HCMV, HIV and HTLV antibodies. Seropositive samples confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results: Overall, 6 (3.44%) and 3 (2.15%) of hemodialysis-dependent and transplantation patients had evidence of HCV infection, whereas no patients were HIV and HBV positive, two cases (1.14%) of hemodialysis and one case (0.71%) of transplantation patients demonstrated the HTLV-1 infection. 52 (37.4%) of patients received graft were positive for HCMV antibody. In addition, our study showed a co-infection of HCMV with HCV (3 patients, 2.15%) in transplantation patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of BBVs infection was lower in comparison to the previous studies. The current strict infection control practices in Iran appear to be effective in limiting dialysis and related infections after transplantation. Because BBVs infections constantly occur especially in dialysis and after transplantation units, our data will be useful to build a new strategic plan for the elimination of BBVs infection in kidney therapycenters. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14301 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14301/7041