Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 47 7 2018 07 16 980 987 Mehdi KAZEMPOUR DIZAJI Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Anoshirvan KAZEMNEJAD Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Payam TABARSI Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute for Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farid ZAYERI Dept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 16 2018 07 16   Background: We conducted this study among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) who received treatment, in order to determine the risk factors associated with survival of during treatments. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2005-2015 with newly registered TB patients in the Hospital of Masih Daneshvari Doctor, Tehran, Iran. Overall, 5313 patients met our study's cohort definition, but the analysis was performed on 2299 patients (43.2%) who had a correct address and they could be traced-out by the Medical – registry. Time in days was used in survival model and patients who were still alive (until last follow-up date) considered as censored. To study the effect of risk factors on patients’ survival, the generalized gamma regression model was used. Results: Based on the results of univariate analysis, gender (RR=2 (95% CI: 1.1−3.7), high school education (Relative Risk: RR=0.3 (95% CI: 0.2−0.7), higher education (RR=0.3 (95% CI: 0.1−0.9), smoker (RR=2.5 (95% CI: 1.4−4.2), drug user (RR=2.4 (95% CI: 1.4−4), TB contact (RR=0.5 (95% CI: 0.3−0.8) and HIV positive (RR=4 (95% CI: 1.7−9.2) affected patients’ survival. Moreover, the results of multivariate analysis showed that, gender (RR=5.5 (95% CI: 2.2−13.5), age (RR=1.1 (95% CI: 1−1.1), adverse drug effect (RR=2.5 (95% CI: 1.2−5.4), smoker (RR=3.3 (95% CI: 1.2−9.4), TB contact (RR=0.2 (95% CI: 0.1−0.5), diabetic mellitus (RR=3 (95% CI: 1−8.3), HIV positive (RR=26 (95% CI: 4.6−145.9) and comorbidities (RR=4.9 (95% CI: 2−11.6) were identified as factors affecting patients’ survival. Conclusion: Our data indicated associated risk factors in TB mortality and could suggest way to progressing national tuberculosis program (NTP) for predicating and plan for effective interventional strategies.   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/14042 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/14042/6039