Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 50 1 2020 12 27 58 68 EN Ehsan TEYMOURZADEH Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohamadkarim BAHADORI Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed FATTAHI Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Health Human Resources Research & Studies, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hossein Ali RAHDAR Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran Sima MIRZAEI MOGHADAM Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Azad SHOKRI Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran 2018 04 09 2018 09 11 Background: To assess prevalence and predictive factors for Nosocomial Infection (NI) in the military hospitals. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and PreQuest databases were systematically searched for studies published between Jan 1991 and Oct 2017 that reported the prevalence of NI and predictive factors among military hospitals. We performed the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis was done for heterogeneity and the Egger test to funnel plots was used to assess publication bias. Results: Twenty-eight studies with 250,374 patients were evaluated in meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of NI was 8% (95% 6.0–9.0). The pooled prevalence was 2% (95% CI: 2.0–3.0) when we did sensitivity analysis and excluding a study. The prevalence was highest in burn unit (32%) and ICU (15%). Reported risk factors for NI included gender (male vs female, OR: 1.45), age (Age≥65, OR: 2.4), diabetes mellitus (OR: 2.32), inappropriate use of antibiotics (OR: 2.35), received mechanical support (OR: 2.81), co-morbidities (OR: 2.97), admitted into the ICU (OR: 2.26), smoking (OR: 1.36) and BMI (OR: 1.09). Conclusion: The review revealed a difference of prevalence in military hospitals with other hospitals and shows a high prevalence of NI in burn units. Therefore careful disinfection and strict procedures of infection control are necessary in places that serve immunosuppressed individuals such as burn patient. Moreover, a vision for the improvement of reports and studies in military hospitals to report the rate of these infections are necessary. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/13019 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/13019/7096