Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 7 2017 06 25 917 922 Yevgeniy ISHKININ Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan AND Medical University “High School of Public Health”, Almaty, Kazakhstan Alma ZHYLKAIDAROVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Nurzhan NURGALIYEV Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Elmira AUYEZOVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan Ainash OSHIBAYEVA Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan Nadezhda GORBUNOVA Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology, Almaty, Kazakhstan 2017 06 25 2017 06 25 Background: Issues of mass screening for prostate cancer rather controversial since 2013 in 11 regions of Kazakhstan introduced a population-based screening for prostate cancer, so we need to evaluate its results. Methods: In different regions of Kazakhstan during 2013-2015, a total of 321548 prostate-specific antigens (PSA) were determined in men aged 50-66 yr, under the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostate biopsy with histological examination. Results: PSA level up to 4 ng/ml in 310870 (96.7%) men, PSA level between 4 and 10 ng/ml in 8 624 (2.7%) men, PSA level above 10 ng/ml in 2054 (0.6%) men. PHI was identified in 5716 (1.8%) men, of which 2867 cases were with PHI ≥ 25 (35.9%). Totally, 3680 biopsies (1.1%) of the prostate were performed. As part of the screening, 2870 cases (0.88%) of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia were found. Of 742 cases of prostate cancer (0.23%) were revealed. The stages of prostate cancer screening were as follows: stage I in 172 men (23.2%), stage II in 444 men (59.8%), stage III in 98 men (13.2%) and stage IV in 28 (3.8%) men. The indicators of prostate cancer early diagnosis in the I-II stages were bigger in the “screening regions” than in the “traditional diagnostics” regions: RR 1.35 95% CI (1.24 – 1.46), OR 1.84 95% CI (1.58–2.15). Prostate cancer was detected at I-II stages in the "screening" regions only by screening vs traditional diagnostics, with RR 1.64 95% CI (1.56 – 1.73), OR 4.77 95% CI (3.87–5.87). Conclusion: Implementation of screening can improve the diagnosis of prostate cancer in the early stages.     https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10389 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10389/5793