Tehran University of Medical Sciences Iranian Journal of Public Health 2251-6085 46 6 2017 05 28 835 842 Mohammad Hassan KAYEDI Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Yavar RASSI Dept. of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali CHEGENI-SHARAFI Disease Control Unit, Provincial Health Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Reza ROSTAMI Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Sayena RAFIZADEH Ministry of Health & Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Nargess ABDALI Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran AND Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IranNorth Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran 2017 05 28 2017 05 28 Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important vector-borne disease in Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Deltamethrin treated nets in comparison to Indoors Residual Spraying (IRS) for the control of leishmaniasis in a new focal area of Iran. Methods: The study was carried out in 5 villages in the west of Iran during 2012-2013. One village was selected to the application of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs, 25 mg/m2 deltamethrin) among residents. Four other villages were considered for IRS using deltamethrin emulsion, 2.5% EG and Aicon 10WP. Spraying was repeated after 3 month. Other control methods e.g. environmental managements, and treatment of positive cases were carried out in all villages. Results: After 1 yr of trial, the cases of disease reduced from 50 to 2 and 128 to 5 for ITNs distributed nets and use of IRS in the villages, respectively. Conclusion: Reduction of CL cases in both methods were significant (P<0.001).   https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/10088 https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/download/10088/5746